HP GK Himachal Physiography Geography
Meaning of himachal –
- Him+achal
- Him means _ ice and achal means mountains
- surrounded by snow
- Abode of snow
- Apple state of india
- Name given by Divakar Dutt sharma
Geography –Western Himalayas
- Latitude: 30°22'40" N to 33°12'40" N
- Longitude: 75°45' 55" E to 79°04' 20" E
- Boundaries from south of haryana are -1170 km
Bordered
- Tibet –east
- Punjab in west
- Jammu and kashmir –North
- Uttrakhand –south east -270Km
Districts touching international boundaries
- China –Kinnaur –Lahaul spiti -200Km
- long boder line
- Uttrakhand _kinnaur , shimla ,Sirmaur
- Haryana –Solan ,Sirmaur
- Punjab –solan, bilaspur,Una , kangra ,Chamba
- Jammu and Kashmir –Chamba n Kanrgra
- UttarPradesh-Sirmaur
- Note – Punjab touches 5 districts OF HP
- Kangra and Mandi –
- Touches a borders maximum 6 districts
- Chamba and Sirmaur –
- boundaries of Minmum district
Total area Of HP-55673 Sq.Km
- Covers only -1.7% of india
- Rank -18th State
- As per census 2011 – Population -6856509 – covers only _0.57%
- Covers -21th rank In population %
- Organisation –
- 15April ,1948
- 30 Princely states
- Chief Commissioner province From 1948-1951
- 1951-1956-Part C
- 1956-71-Union Territory
- 25january1971-statehood day
Rivers –
- Five Rivers
- Chenab,-largest river In terms Of volume
- Ravi,-barabhangal
- Beas,
- satluj , -largest river
- Yamuna –shortest river Districts
- Kangra _Population largest
- Area wise _Lahaul spiti
- Sirmaur –southernMost Kinnaur _east
- Chamba And Lahaul –north Kullu &Mandi-middle Hamirpur,Kangra ,bilaspur,una _westernpart
Physiographic Divisions
- The Himalayan Mountains
- Himalayas are the young fold mountains.
- This is the highest mountain range of
- the world. Himalayas act as natural
- barrier The extreme cold, snow and
- rugged topography discourage the
- neighbors to enter India through
- Himalayas They run from west-east
- direction from Indus to Brahmaputra
- along the northern boundary of India
Divided into three divisions
- Lower hills or outer himalayan zone
- It is the outer most range of the Himalayas.
- The altitude varies between 900-1100 meters
- the width lies between 10-50 KM.
- They have low hills like Jammu Hills, etc.
- Altitude Himachal -from 350-1500above sea level
- Well known as Shivalik Hills (Manak parbat)
- Literally means tresses of shiva
- Youngest of himalayan family
- Large portions are separated
- by flattened valleys called duns
- and consist of gravel and alluvium
- Covers lower hills
- kangra,hamirpur , bilaspur,una,
- lower parts of mandi,solanand sirmaur
The Lesser Himalayas or Himachal:
- The altitude-1000 and 4500 metres
- the average width is 50 KM.
- The Prominent ranges
- Pir Panjal, Dhaula Dhar and Mahabharata ranges
- famous hill stations like Shimla,
- Dalhousie Darjeeling, Chakrata, Mussoorie,
- Composed of granite and crystalline rocks
Comprises of two ranges
- Dhauladhar range
- Means grayish white-outer portion of inner himalayas
- Starts from Badrinath
- Intercepted by rivers Beas at larji
- by river Ravi at southwest of chamba
- Originate from dain kund near dalhousie
- Pir panjal range
- Average height-5000m
- Group of mountains in inner himalayas
- Running from south east to west –north west
- across the state and jammu and kashmir
- From gulmarg in north west
- follows southern rim of kashmir valley to banihal pass
- Major expansions found in chamba district
- Separates kullu from lahaul
- Rohtang pass lies in this range
The Greater Himalayas or Himadari:
- Average height of 6000 metres
- Width lies between 120 to 190 Kms .
- Mt. Everest, Kanchenjunga, Makalu, Dhaulagiri,
- Nanga Parbat etc.
- Kanchenjunga is the highest peak of Himalaya in India.
- High Mountain passes - , Bara Lacha-La, Shipki-La,
- Nathu-La, Zoji-La, Bomidi-La etc.
- The Ganga and Yamuna rivers originates
- from this Himalayas.
Zanskar
- Zaskar range lies Ladakh range.
- The Indus river -Zaskar and Ladakh
- The Karakoram range -north of the country.
- K2 is the second highest peak of the world.
- Separates kinnaur and spiti from tibet,kashmir and ladakh
- Highest peak is shilla in kinnaur
